Rane C4 Spezifikationen PDF herunterladen (Seite 8)

Manual-5

Output

Limit Threshold

Input

Output

Limit Threshold

Peak Limiting

A limiter is just a compressor with a really high ratio, right?

Well…not exactly. Although the two devices use similar termi-

nology (reshold, Attack, Release, and so on), they serve two

completely dierent purposes and therefore operate in dierent

manners. Fundamentally, a compressor uses an rms detector to

keep the average level of a signal under control, while a limiter

uses a peak detector to act on the instantaneous level of the sig-

nal. Compare Figure 2 to Figure 7.

Primary uses of limiters: 1) preventing clipping and distor-

tion in power ampliers, 2) protection of loudspeakers from

damage resulting from destructive transients [like the proverbial

dropped microphone] 3) preventing overs [clipping] during

digital recording 4) preventing overmodulation of the transmit-

ted signal in broadcast.

Figure 8 shows the eect of limiting a signal. e top line is

the original, full volume input signal we need to limit – perhaps

the unfortunate blast of noise when the vocalist inadvertently

unplugs the phantom-powered mic. e bottom line shows the

limited output. At no point does the output signal ever exceed

the threshold, demonstrating the limiter’s brick wall capability.

Contrast this with Figure 9, which shows a compressor set to a

high ratio (∞:1), and a fast attack time. Due to the compressor’s

averaging eect, the output easily overshoots the threshold, and

transient peaks are missed altogether. And it’s these peaks which

can potentially ruin your speakers or the perfect recording take,

and possibly your reputation.

Overshoot

Input

Figure 8. Limiter performance showing brick wall characteristic.

Figure 9. Compressor used as a limiter. Signal peaks can still exceed

threshold, even at high ratio settings.

INPUT OUTPUT

SIDE-CHAIN

BROADBAND

GAIN CONTROL

PEAK

DETECTOR

GAIN COMPUTER

FILTER

THRESHOLD RELEASE

Figure 7. Peak Limiter Block Diagram

-40 +20-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 +5 +10 +15

Input dBu

-40

+20

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

+10

+15

Threshold

Figure 10. Peak Limiter Response Graph

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

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